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	<title>Michael Shanks Comments</title>
	<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog</link>
	<description>we are all archaeologists now ...</description>
	<pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2009 22:13:07 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>by: admin</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=247#comment-278484</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Feb 2008 19:41:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=247#comment-278484</guid>
					<description>ethtrhtrsh</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>ethtrhtrsh
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		<title>by: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=69#comment-11231</link>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Feb 2006 15:00:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=69#comment-11231</guid>
					<description>Grayson Perry – very much his own man. Grayson Perry’s work unsettles the contemporary art world. It is not simply because he chose to accept the Turner Prize 2003 in the persona of his alter-ego ‘Claire’, dressed in the latest of his art ‘coming out’frocks in mauve satin, exquisitely embroidered with rabbits, roses, hearts, and the words ‘sissy’ and ‘Claire’, and teamed with white ankle-socks and red patent-leather Mary-Jane shoes. Although, as Perry himself is quick to point out, the ‘tranny’ (which is how he refers to himself) does have a remarkable capacity to provoke anxiety. That, he explains, is some combination of disappointment and unease at the fragility of the illusion.

&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/artists/grayson_perry.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Learn more about Grayson Perry&lt;/a&gt; at The Saatchi Gallery Grayson Perry webpages.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Grayson Perry – very much his own man. Grayson Perry’s work unsettles the contemporary art world. It is not simply because he chose to accept the Turner Prize 2003 in the persona of his alter-ego ‘Claire’, dressed in the latest of his art ‘coming out’frocks in mauve satin, exquisitely embroidered with rabbits, roses, hearts, and the words ‘sissy’ and ‘Claire’, and teamed with white ankle-socks and red patent-leather Mary-Jane shoes. Although, as Perry himself is quick to point out, the ‘tranny’ (which is how he refers to himself) does have a remarkable capacity to provoke anxiety. That, he explains, is some combination of disappointment and unease at the fragility of the illusion.</p>
	<p><a href="http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/artists/grayson_perry.htm" rel="nofollow">Learn more about Grayson Perry</a> at The Saatchi Gallery Grayson Perry webpages.
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		<title>by: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=247#comment-11116</link>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jan 2006 06:55:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=247#comment-11116</guid>
					<description>Dear shanks!
it was very emotional and wonderful to me reading about your ideas of performance archaeology! I,m student of archaeology at Iran . I hope learn more about your ideas in archaeology.
Please send me one of your photos! I want to see you!:
vahidaskarpour@gmail.com</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Dear shanks!<br />
it was very emotional and wonderful to me reading about your ideas of performance archaeology! I,m student of archaeology at Iran . I hope learn more about your ideas in archaeology.<br />
Please send me one of your photos! I want to see you!:<br />
<a href="mailto:vahidaskarpour@gmail.com">vahidaskarpour@gmail.com</a>
</p>
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		<title>by: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=194#comment-9637</link>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2005 00:24:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=194#comment-9637</guid>
					<description>During the current scheduled closure of the CMA for massive renovation, such spurious artifacts as this bronze may be buried in a backroom until proven, I hope! Much of its collection has been out of view since 1993, why I know not unless there might be either some slow rotation policy or perhaps bias.  I do know that some local college educators dispute the dating theory in use. There has been little review and correcting of controversial ages for some Sumerian and Akkadian items. Items open to view since the invasion of Iraq have offered comparative dating opportunities. I hope for more experienced examiners than the present staff in the future by when they reopen.  -R.S. Allen</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>During the current scheduled closure of the CMA for massive renovation, such spurious artifacts as this bronze may be buried in a backroom until proven, I hope! Much of its collection has been out of view since 1993, why I know not unless there might be either some slow rotation policy or perhaps bias.  I do know that some local college educators dispute the dating theory in use. There has been little review and correcting of controversial ages for some Sumerian and Akkadian items. Items open to view since the invasion of Iraq have offered comparative dating opportunities. I hope for more experienced examiners than the present staff in the future by when they reopen.  -R.S. Allen
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		<title>by: abram</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=204#comment-271</link>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Oct 2004 18:02:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=204#comment-271</guid>
					<description>&quot;What&amp;#8217;s the difference between a painter and his paintings and an academic and his ideas?&quot;  Well, for one there are guidelines in place that allow for quotation of written academic content, wheras any visual quotation of a pre-existing work would be open to copyright violation lawsuits under the heading of 'derivative work'.  In the various and sundry forms of cultural production available to us, writing alone has been afforded these protections.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>&#8220;What&#8217;s the difference between a painter and his paintings and an academic and his ideas?&#8221;  Well, for one there are guidelines in place that allow for quotation of written academic content, wheras any visual quotation of a pre-existing work would be open to copyright violation lawsuits under the heading of &#8216;derivative work&#8217;.  In the various and sundry forms of cultural production available to us, writing alone has been afforded these protections.
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		<title>by: Trireme Veterans for Truth</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=204#comment-270</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Oct 2004 23:14:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=204#comment-270</guid>
					<description>Dr Shanks,

On the one hand you encourage us to explore the creative possibilities of lies and decoys ('honest lies', as you might say). 'Just what is the problem with copies/fakes/counterfeits?' you ask. 'Only that they threaten the values accorded to notions of individual genius and intellectual/cultural property', a threat which for you -- since academic knowledge is like a vast open-source project -- is a good thing. On the other hand, you appear to have gotten rather &lt;a href=&quot;http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/index.php?p=159&quot;&gt;bent out of shape&lt;/a&gt; when Jennifer Wallace &lt;strike&gt;plagiarised&lt;/strike&gt; relegated most of her references to Shanks &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt; to her annotated reading notes at the back of her book in order, she tells us, to avoid alienating the broader readership that might fail to experience any Derridean (R.I.P.) &lt;i&gt;jouissance&lt;/i&gt; when faced with a chain of scholarly references. You were evidently prompted by a colleague's call 'for standards of citation and referencing to be reasserted and upheld in academia, because, like many, she is witnessing a growth in selective, thin and &lt;i&gt;downright false&lt;/i&gt; [our emphasis] citation -- saying (or rather not saying) where your ideas have come from'.

Are we, the Trireme Veterans for Truth, the only ones who see any irony to this? So fakes are fascinating, as long as it's not the fruit of your own labour that's being copied? What's the difference between a painter and his paintings and an academic and his ideas? We understand that you critiqued Wallace not for lying but for not playing ball along with the rest of the team, for not espousing 'the collective effort, collegiality, and democracy, the community of scholarship' that underpin independent research. But really, what's more democratic: writing a book without footnotes and a bibliography that a broader public can read, or constructing a self-referential house of mirrors that only a relative few will appreciate? Such issues were, of course, touched upon in &lt;a href=&quot;http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/index.php?p=180&quot;&gt;your follow-up&lt;/a&gt;. Our question is: isn't a concern with citation really a concern with intellectual property, with one's personal and unique contribution to a bigger enterprise, even if (or perhaps because?) that collective project is constantly growing and changing? Isn't it, at some level, about you?

&lt;i&gt;Disclaimers: (1) It is possible that the identity of this comment's authors is a liberatingly counterfeit one. (2) Trireme Veterans for Truth have no affiliation whatsoever with Jennifer Wallace or her work. That is not a lie. (3) The Trireme Veterans for Truth have no affiliation whatsoever with the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, whose lies (liberating and otherwise) we consider outrageous, appalling, and dangerous to the world. Trireme Veterans for Truth, in co-operation with the Sampan Veterans for Bliss, have successfully blocked the Swift Boat Veterans' efforts to join the Weird Boat Veterans International Union.&lt;/i&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Dr Shanks,</p>
	<p>On the one hand you encourage us to explore the creative possibilities of lies and decoys (&#8217;honest lies&#8217;, as you might say). &#8216;Just what is the problem with copies/fakes/counterfeits?&#8217; you ask. &#8216;Only that they threaten the values accorded to notions of individual genius and intellectual/cultural property&#8217;, a threat which for you &#8212; since academic knowledge is like a vast open-source project &#8212; is a good thing. On the other hand, you appear to have gotten rather <a href="http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/index.php?p=159">bent out of shape</a> when Jennifer Wallace <strike>plagiarised</strike> relegated most of her references to Shanks <i>et al.</i> to her annotated reading notes at the back of her book in order, she tells us, to avoid alienating the broader readership that might fail to experience any Derridean (R.I.P.) <i>jouissance</i> when faced with a chain of scholarly references. You were evidently prompted by a colleague&#8217;s call &#8216;for standards of citation and referencing to be reasserted and upheld in academia, because, like many, she is witnessing a growth in selective, thin and <i>downright false</i> [our emphasis] citation &#8212; saying (or rather not saying) where your ideas have come from&#8217;.</p>
	<p>Are we, the Trireme Veterans for Truth, the only ones who see any irony to this? So fakes are fascinating, as long as it&#8217;s not the fruit of your own labour that&#8217;s being copied? What&#8217;s the difference between a painter and his paintings and an academic and his ideas? We understand that you critiqued Wallace not for lying but for not playing ball along with the rest of the team, for not espousing &#8216;the collective effort, collegiality, and democracy, the community of scholarship&#8217; that underpin independent research. But really, what&#8217;s more democratic: writing a book without footnotes and a bibliography that a broader public can read, or constructing a self-referential house of mirrors that only a relative few will appreciate? Such issues were, of course, touched upon in <a href="http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/index.php?p=180">your follow-up</a>. Our question is: isn&#8217;t a concern with citation really a concern with intellectual property, with one&#8217;s personal and unique contribution to a bigger enterprise, even if (or perhaps because?) that collective project is constantly growing and changing? Isn&#8217;t it, at some level, about you?</p>
	<p><i>Disclaimers: (1) It is possible that the identity of this comment&#8217;s authors is a liberatingly counterfeit one. (2) Trireme Veterans for Truth have no affiliation whatsoever with Jennifer Wallace or her work. That is not a lie. (3) The Trireme Veterans for Truth have no affiliation whatsoever with the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, whose lies (liberating and otherwise) we consider outrageous, appalling, and dangerous to the world. Trireme Veterans for Truth, in co-operation with the Sampan Veterans for Bliss, have successfully blocked the Swift Boat Veterans&#8217; efforts to join the Weird Boat Veterans International Union.</i>
</p>
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		<title>by: Guy Sanders</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=211#comment-269</link>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Oct 2004 16:30:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=211#comment-269</guid>
					<description>I did not make technology the story. With representatives of 16 other foreign institutions, I presented a VERY brief presentation of all the work undertaken by the ASCSA this year to the Under Minister of Culture at a forum where the Greek press was present. Part of the minute (literally) spent on work at Corinth covered the sarcophagi. For whatever reason this caught the imagination of the local media who made what they wanted of the sound bite. One source suggested they were the largest in the world, another that they dated to the time of Demetrius Poliorketes. A phone call on the fly asked me two general questions about Corinth excavations and one about the importance of the size and date of the sarcophagus. I replied that several colleagues (Rhodes, Gebhard, Bookidis and others)were interested because of the technological implications for the development of monumental stone architecture. The reporter supplied the definition of the sarcophagus. The graves and the material culture are in the process of study and I hope that my preliminarty report of the excavation will be finished before Christmas. In it I discuss technology for those who are interested in that aspect, but I also discuss time frame between death and inhumation, burial liturgy, later visitation and the topography of burials at Corinth. 

One thing that has clearly not registered is that nobody yet knows where the pre-Roman houses were at Corinth were. The claim that burials at Corinth &quot;come to bury their dead in distinctive areas rather than inter them among their houses&quot; is clearly poorly informed despite articles such as Williams C. K. II, 1983 &quot;The Early Urbanization of Corinth,&quot; ASAtene 60 n.s. 44 1982 (1984) pp. 9-20. There are, however, extensive cemeteries and sporadic burials well within the ancient city walls down into the Hellenistic period, including at Anaploga and to the west of the theater. These perhaps suggest the urban organization of Corinth may be along the lines of Sparta with obes separated by areas dedicated to burials and other functions such as dining.

My personal research interests lie in the Late Antique to Early Modern range and I believe my students will attest that I encourage them to look at cultural landscapes of these periods and to deconstruct the scholarship based on the primary archaeological record. I have no doubt that when my preliminary publication is out those who know a great deal more about the Geometric period than I, for instance Professor Pfaff who has a daily growing manuscript on the new finds, will examine every aspect and may well not agree with each other about what is and is not interesting.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>I did not make technology the story. With representatives of 16 other foreign institutions, I presented a VERY brief presentation of all the work undertaken by the ASCSA this year to the Under Minister of Culture at a forum where the Greek press was present. Part of the minute (literally) spent on work at Corinth covered the sarcophagi. For whatever reason this caught the imagination of the local media who made what they wanted of the sound bite. One source suggested they were the largest in the world, another that they dated to the time of Demetrius Poliorketes. A phone call on the fly asked me two general questions about Corinth excavations and one about the importance of the size and date of the sarcophagus. I replied that several colleagues (Rhodes, Gebhard, Bookidis and others)were interested because of the technological implications for the development of monumental stone architecture. The reporter supplied the definition of the sarcophagus. The graves and the material culture are in the process of study and I hope that my preliminarty report of the excavation will be finished before Christmas. In it I discuss technology for those who are interested in that aspect, but I also discuss time frame between death and inhumation, burial liturgy, later visitation and the topography of burials at Corinth. </p>
	<p>One thing that has clearly not registered is that nobody yet knows where the pre-Roman houses were at Corinth were. The claim that burials at Corinth &#8220;come to bury their dead in distinctive areas rather than inter them among their houses&#8221; is clearly poorly informed despite articles such as Williams C. K. II, 1983 &#8220;The Early Urbanization of Corinth,&#8221; ASAtene 60 n.s. 44 1982 (1984) pp. 9-20. There are, however, extensive cemeteries and sporadic burials well within the ancient city walls down into the Hellenistic period, including at Anaploga and to the west of the theater. These perhaps suggest the urban organization of Corinth may be along the lines of Sparta with obes separated by areas dedicated to burials and other functions such as dining.</p>
	<p>My personal research interests lie in the Late Antique to Early Modern range and I believe my students will attest that I encourage them to look at cultural landscapes of these periods and to deconstruct the scholarship based on the primary archaeological record. I have no doubt that when my preliminary publication is out those who know a great deal more about the Geometric period than I, for instance Professor Pfaff who has a daily growing manuscript on the new finds, will examine every aspect and may well not agree with each other about what is and is not interesting.
</p>
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		<title>by: Colin Renfrew</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=203#comment-268</link>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Oct 2004 16:55:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=203#comment-268</guid>
					<description>From the traditionalist depths of the University of Cambridge May I say how sad it seems that the Dean of Religious Life at Stanford has opposed the installation of this work of art and seemingly assumed an eponymous lead role in its title ('Device to root out evil'). He is quoted:&quot;The world views of art and religion don't mix&quot; : perhaps the President could send him as an emissary to the Vatican both to whitewash the Sistine Chapel and to disseminate the President's one-liner (Stanford Daily, 28 September): &quot;We make decisions not to bring art to Stanford every day&quot;.         Colin Renfrew</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>From the traditionalist depths of the University of Cambridge May I say how sad it seems that the Dean of Religious Life at Stanford has opposed the installation of this work of art and seemingly assumed an eponymous lead role in its title (&#8217;Device to root out evil&#8217;). He is quoted:&#8221;The world views of art and religion don&#8217;t mix&#8221; : perhaps the President could send him as an emissary to the Vatican both to whitewash the Sistine Chapel and to disseminate the President&#8217;s one-liner (Stanford Daily, 28 September): &#8220;We make decisions not to bring art to Stanford every day&#8221;.         Colin Renfrew
</p>
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		<title>by: Jeff Schwartz</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=200#comment-249</link>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Oct 2004 00:11:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=200#comment-249</guid>
					<description>Why, might i ask, did you invite the Scotty into the process? What possible influence should he have on whether a work of art is or is not approved--regardless of it's controversial aspect vis a vis religion. All art is arguably 'religious' and all art gores someone's ox. We all have to take turns on that score and it's a good thing! It's what broadens our minds and perspectives which is the only hope this multiplicitous world has...This decision by Hennessey and co. is reprehensible. He should be sacked! More importantly, the decision represents a precedent that cannot be allowed to stand. The fundamental values of our academic community are at stake.  I, for one, intend to pursue a course of action that broadens dissemination of this story toward shaming my dear alma mater into reversing this decision.  'nuff said. 

-J-  

Art is either plagiarism or revolution.
--Paul Gauguin</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Why, might i ask, did you invite the Scotty into the process? What possible influence should he have on whether a work of art is or is not approved&#8211;regardless of it&#8217;s controversial aspect vis a vis religion. All art is arguably &#8216;religious&#8217; and all art gores someone&#8217;s ox. We all have to take turns on that score and it&#8217;s a good thing! It&#8217;s what broadens our minds and perspectives which is the only hope this multiplicitous world has&#8230;This decision by Hennessey and co. is reprehensible. He should be sacked! More importantly, the decision represents a precedent that cannot be allowed to stand. The fundamental values of our academic community are at stake.  I, for one, intend to pursue a course of action that broadens dissemination of this story toward shaming my dear alma mater into reversing this decision.  &#8217;nuff said. </p>
	<p>-J-  </p>
	<p>Art is either plagiarism or revolution.<br />
&#8211;Paul Gauguin
</p>
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		<title>by: Julian Thomas</title>
		<link>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=146#comment-248</link>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Oct 2004 10:02:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid>http://metamedia.stanford.edu/~mshanks/weblog/?p=146#comment-248</guid>
					<description>Hi Mike,

Just found your weblog entry about me, and read it with interest.

It raises a couple of points.  Firstly, I'm not sure that scholasticism is entirely a bad thing!  It certainly gets a bad press.  You're quite right about the need to embody our critique in our practice, but I think we need to work through that critique, even push it as far as it will go, if it's to be effective.  I've found that the way that I've worked over the years is to alternate between periods of  reflecting on the practice of doing archaeology, and then returning to working on prehistory - hopefully with a fresh perspective.  For the past three or four years I've been doing more of the reflection bit, because I've been fascinated by the relationship between archaeology and modernity, and thought that I needed to get it sorted out for myself before I could move on.  Now that the book's done, I'm starting to think about the Neolithic again - I hope in rather different ways.

I think that having addressed the question of materiality is central to this.  You characterise my view very well in your piece, but I am actually very attracted to the notion of archaeology as a craft - and I think that your article with Randy McGuire on that theme is a really important piece of work.  I'm also perfectly happy with the point that archaeologists engage in cultural production.  It's just the idea that what we work with is an inert raw material that bothers me.  It seems to me that that such a view introduces the values of contemporary capitalism into our archaeology - reducing the stuff of past human lives to a set of resourc es.  Isn't this what the heritage industry actually does a lot of the time?

Now, you're abolutely right to say that when a craftsperson works with wood or clay, their relationship with their material is one of 'working with' rather than one of imposition of form onto a dead substance.  But is what archaeologists do more like what happens in a studio or a factory?  Or is the metaphor or 'making' imperfect?

There are certainly ways in which what we do as archaeologists involves an almost intuitive engagement with materiality.  When I dig a prehistoric pit, and find the edge with my trowel; when I enter a megalithic tomb, or walk across a landscape; when I handle a stone axe.  But archaeology requires that we do more than this: we have to ask questions about how these places and things were for people in the past, who may have been quite unlike ourselves.  And we then have to construct an account of what that past was like.  In this respect, I think that our craft is different from that of a potter or a woodcarver.

So my question To Jonna and Fiona wasn't intended as a put-down in any sense.  I love the work that they do, but I wanted to provoke them by asking: how would it be if you thought about it this way?  How might that potentially affect your practice?  It seems to me that altough the remains of the past are fragmentary, they aren't dead or intert.  In important ways, we inhabit the past, because it's all around us.  We rework the traces, but they aren't like specimens in a lab or raw materials stacked up in a factory.

All the best,

Julian</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[	<p>Hi Mike,</p>
	<p>Just found your weblog entry about me, and read it with interest.</p>
	<p>It raises a couple of points.  Firstly, I&#8217;m not sure that scholasticism is entirely a bad thing!  It certainly gets a bad press.  You&#8217;re quite right about the need to embody our critique in our practice, but I think we need to work through that critique, even push it as far as it will go, if it&#8217;s to be effective.  I&#8217;ve found that the way that I&#8217;ve worked over the years is to alternate between periods of  reflecting on the practice of doing archaeology, and then returning to working on prehistory - hopefully with a fresh perspective.  For the past three or four years I&#8217;ve been doing more of the reflection bit, because I&#8217;ve been fascinated by the relationship between archaeology and modernity, and thought that I needed to get it sorted out for myself before I could move on.  Now that the book&#8217;s done, I&#8217;m starting to think about the Neolithic again - I hope in rather different ways.</p>
	<p>I think that having addressed the question of materiality is central to this.  You characterise my view very well in your piece, but I am actually very attracted to the notion of archaeology as a craft - and I think that your article with Randy McGuire on that theme is a really important piece of work.  I&#8217;m also perfectly happy with the point that archaeologists engage in cultural production.  It&#8217;s just the idea that what we work with is an inert raw material that bothers me.  It seems to me that that such a view introduces the values of contemporary capitalism into our archaeology - reducing the stuff of past human lives to a set of resourc es.  Isn&#8217;t this what the heritage industry actually does a lot of the time?</p>
	<p>Now, you&#8217;re abolutely right to say that when a craftsperson works with wood or clay, their relationship with their material is one of &#8216;working with&#8217; rather than one of imposition of form onto a dead substance.  But is what archaeologists do more like what happens in a studio or a factory?  Or is the metaphor or &#8216;making&#8217; imperfect?</p>
	<p>There are certainly ways in which what we do as archaeologists involves an almost intuitive engagement with materiality.  When I dig a prehistoric pit, and find the edge with my trowel; when I enter a megalithic tomb, or walk across a landscape; when I handle a stone axe.  But archaeology requires that we do more than this: we have to ask questions about how these places and things were for people in the past, who may have been quite unlike ourselves.  And we then have to construct an account of what that past was like.  In this respect, I think that our craft is different from that of a potter or a woodcarver.</p>
	<p>So my question To Jonna and Fiona wasn&#8217;t intended as a put-down in any sense.  I love the work that they do, but I wanted to provoke them by asking: how would it be if you thought about it this way?  How might that potentially affect your practice?  It seems to me that altough the remains of the past are fragmentary, they aren&#8217;t dead or intert.  In important ways, we inhabit the past, because it&#8217;s all around us.  We rework the traces, but they aren&#8217;t like specimens in a lab or raw materials stacked up in a factory.</p>
	<p>All the best,</p>
	<p>Julian
</p>
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